Evolutionary developmental genetics has historically been carried out by two teams: Molecular evolutionists who emphasize divergence between species or increased taxa, and quantitative geneticists who examine variation inside species. Neither strategy actually involves grips with the complexities of evolutionary transitions, notably in mild of the conclusion from genome-wide affiliation research that the majority complicated traits match an infinitesimal structure, being influenced by 1000’s of loci. This paper discusses robustness, plasticity and lability, phenomena that we argue potentiate main evolutionary adjustments and supply a bridge between the conceptual therapies of macro- and micro-evolution.
We provide cryptic genetic variation and conditional neutrality as mechanisms by which standing genetic variation can result in developmental system drift and, sheltered inside canalized processes, could facilitate developmental transitions and the evolution of novelty. Synthesis of the 2 dominant views would require recognition that adaptation, divergence, drift and stability all depend upon related underlying quantitative genetic processes-processes that can not be totally noticed in constantly various seen traits.
As fashionable human genetics strikes from the analysis setting to the scientific setting, it would encounter the managed care system. Issues of price, entry, and high quality of care will have an effect on the provision and nature of genetic testing, genetic counseling, and genetic therapies. This Article will discover such points as skilled training, protection of genetic providers, privateness and confidentiality, and legal responsibility. It will conclude with a collection of suggestions for the apply of genetic drugs in the age of managed care.
Classical and reverse genetics stay invaluable instruments for the scientific investigation of mannequin organisms. Genetic evaluation of endoparasites is mostly troublesome as a result of the sexual adults required for crossing and different manipulations are normally hidden inside their host. Strongyloides spp. and Parastrongyloides spp. are notable exceptions to this and their free-living adults provide distinctive alternatives to control these parasites experimentally. Here I evaluation the modes of inheritance in the 2 generations of Strongyloides/Parastrongyloides and I focus on the alternatives and the constraints of the presently out there methodology for the genetic evaluation of those two genera.
Genetic choice and conservation of genetic range*.
For 100s of years, livestock producers have employed numerous forms of choice to change livestock populations. Current choice methods are little totally different, besides our applied sciences for choice have turn into extra highly effective. Genetic assets on the breed stage have been in and out of favour over time. These assets are the uncooked supplies used to control populations, and subsequently, they’re vital to the previous and future success of the livestock sector. With rising means to quickly change genetic composition of livestock populations, the conservation of those genetic assets turns into extra vital.
Globally, consciousness of the necessity to steward genetic assets has elevated. A rising variety of international locations have launched into giant scale conservation efforts by utilizing in situ, ex situ (gene banking), or each approaches. Gene banking efforts have considerably elevated and knowledge recommend that gene banks are efficiently capturing genetic range for analysis or trade use. It can also be noteworthy that each trade and the analysis neighborhood are using gene financial institution holdings. As pressures develop to satisfy shopper calls for and potential adjustments in manufacturing programs, the linkage between choice targets and genetic conservation will enhance as a mechanism to facilitate continued livestock sector improvement.
Perception of genetic danger amongst genetic counselors.
A mailed survey of feminine prenatal genetic counselors, obstetric nurses, and highschool biology lecturers was carried out to find out if these teams maintain totally different attitudes towards genetic danger and to research the extent to which any variations end result from the impact of various skilled experiences. In this examine, the individuals had been 166 genetic counselors, 116 obstetric nurses, and 78 biology lecturers (n=360). Survey individuals accomplished a written questionnaire designed to evaluate their numeric estimate of the empiric danger for delivery defects/genetic issues, their subjective notion of this danger, and their private use of prenatal analysis.
Genetic counselors had been discovered to be much less seemingly than the opposite teams to contemplate the frequency of delivery defects/genetic issues as uncommon and had been 10 occasions extra seemingly than nurses and eight occasions extra seemingly than lecturers to have had prenatal analysis. Furthermore, greater than half of the prenatal analysis procedures had by genetic counselors weren’t medically indicated.
These outcomes recommend that genetic counselors have an elevated notion of genetic dangers relative to nurses or lecturers. Possible explanations for this funding are mentioned, and the potential function of discordant danger notion in creating biases in genetic counseling course of is explored. Empirical energy, pattern measurement and impact measurement had been in contrast between eventualities (1) and (2). In every of the eventualities the estimates had been evaluated for a uncommon (minor allele frequency < 0.01), low frequency (0.01 ≤ minor allele frequency < 0.05) and customary (minor allele frequency ≥ 0.05) single nucleotide polymorphism.
) CA15-3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00078-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 245 |
) Melanoma; Pan (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00134-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 140 |
Melanoma; Pan (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00134-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 272 |
Melanoma; Pan (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00134-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 717 |
) Mirskys Fixative (ready-to-use) |
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| NAT1300 | National Diagnostics | 1USGALLON | EUR 80 |
Mirskys Fixative (ready-to-use) |
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| NAT1302 | National Diagnostics | EACH | EUR 190 |
 Eco-Stain, ready to use |
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| DT81413 | Bio Basic | 1ml | EUR 102.2 |
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) Desmin, Clone D33 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00007-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 93 |
Desmin, Clone D33 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00007-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 140 |
Desmin, Clone D33 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00007-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 361 |
) Melanoma; Clone HMB45 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00019-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 183 |
Melanoma; Clone HMB45 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00019-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 258 |
Melanoma; Clone HMB45 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00019-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 781 |
) Neurofilament; Clone 2F11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00020-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 96 |
Neurofilament; Clone 2F11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00020-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 144 |
Neurofilament; Clone 2F11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00020-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 370 |
; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use)) Lysozyme (Muramidase); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00033-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 79 |
Lysozyme (Muramidase); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00033-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 108 |
Lysozyme (Muramidase); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00033-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 252 |
) S-100; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00036-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 79 |
S-100; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00036-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 108 |
S-100; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00036-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 218 |
) CD74; Clone LN2 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00048-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 84 |
CD74; Clone LN2 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00048-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 116 |
CD74; Clone LN2 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00048-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 245 |
) Thyroglobulin; Clone 2H11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00108-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 80 |
Thyroglobulin; Clone 2H11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00108-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 127 |
Thyroglobulin; Clone 2H11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00108-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 280 |
) CD31; Clone C31.7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00110-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 104 |
CD31; Clone C31.7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00110-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 183 |
CD31; Clone C31.7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00110-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 449 |
; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use)) p40 (DeltaNp63); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00112-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 116 |
p40 (DeltaNp63); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00112-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 213 |
p40 (DeltaNp63); Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00112-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 537 |
) Kappa; Clone L1C1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00113-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 69 |
Kappa; Clone L1C1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00113-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 95 |
Kappa; Clone L1C1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00113-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 188 |
) CD56; Clone 123C3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00121-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 104 |
CD56; Clone 123C3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00121-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 183 |
CD56; Clone 123C3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00121-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 449 |
) CD31; Clone C31.3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00126-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 82 |
CD31; Clone C31.3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00126-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 130 |
CD31; Clone C31.3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00126-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 290 |
) CD45; Clone 2B11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00129-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 120 |
CD45; Clone 2B11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00129-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 223 |
CD45; Clone 2B11 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00129-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 572 |
) Tyrosinase; Clone T311 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00132-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 90 |
Tyrosinase; Clone T311 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00132-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 151 |
Tyrosinase; Clone T311 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00132-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 353 |
) CDX2; Clone EP25 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00147-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 149 |
CDX2; Clone EP25 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00147-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 295 |
CDX2; Clone EP25 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00147-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 786 |
) MSH6; Clone EP49 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00149-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 104 |
MSH6; Clone EP49 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00149-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 184 |
MSH6; Clone EP49 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00149-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 453 |
 Ready-To-Use) Peroxide Block (Stable) Ready-To-Use |
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| HP1000-10 | Innovex | 10ml | EUR 125 |
Peroxide Block (Stable) Ready-To-Use |
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| HP1000-500 | Innovex | 500 ml | EUR 485 |
Peroxide Block (Stable) Ready-To-Use |
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| HP1000-60 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 241 |
 Green-DNA Dye, ready to use |
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| DT81414 | Bio Basic | 1.5ml, 1.5ml | EUR 128.3 |
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 Eco-Stain Plus, ready to use |
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| DT81418 | Bio Basic | 1ml | EUR 137 |
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 100-3000bp Marker, Ready-to-use |
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| GM347 | Bio Basic | 50loading, 50prep | EUR 90.02 |
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 Apoptosis Inducer Set |
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| 55R-1310 | Fitzgerald | 5 units | EUR 633 |
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Description: Apoptosis Inducer Set for use in the research laboratory |
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 Ready-to-Use Tyramide Amplification Buffer, 1X |
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| 9-22027 | Biotium |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 25ML |
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 Ready-to-Use 1 KB DNA Ladder |
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| 31022 | Biotium | 1kit | EUR 134 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit |
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 Ready-to-Use 100 BP DNA Ladder |
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| 31032 | Biotium | 1kit | EUR 134 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 1kit |
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) Bcl-2; Clone 124 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00004-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 124 |
Bcl-2; Clone 124 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00004-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 197 |
Bcl-2; Clone 124 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00004-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 569 |
) p53; Clone DO-7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00021-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 168 |
p53; Clone DO-7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00021-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 287 |
p53; Clone DO-7 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00021-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 882 |
) p53; Clone DO-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00027-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 116 |
p53; Clone DO-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00027-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 280 |
) Lambda, Light Chains; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00065-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 79 |
Lambda, Light Chains; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00065-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 108 |
Lambda, Light Chains; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00065-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 252 |
) S-100; Clone 4C4.9 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00087-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 79 |
S-100; Clone 4C4.9 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00087-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 108 |
S-100; Clone 4C4.9 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00087-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 252 |
S-100; Clone 4C4.9 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00087-0500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 3227 |
S-100; Clone 4C4.9 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00087-1000 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 4892 |
) Ki-67 Antigen; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00095-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 116 |
Ki-67 Antigen; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00095-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 181 |
Ki-67 Antigen; Polyclonal (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00095-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 509 |
; Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use)) Cytokeratin (Pan); Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00098-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 84 |
Cytokeratin (Pan); Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00098-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 116 |
Cytokeratin (Pan); Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00098-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 280 |
Cytokeratin (Pan); Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use) |
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Cytokeratin (Pan); Clone Cocktail (Ready-To-Use) |
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) Estrogen Receptor; Clone 11D5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00106-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 162 |
Estrogen Receptor; Clone 11D5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00106-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 329 |
Estrogen Receptor; Clone 11D5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00106-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 887 |
) CA19-9; Clone 121SLE (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00107-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 120 |
CA19-9; Clone 121SLE (Ready-To-Use) |
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CA19-9; Clone 121SLE (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00107-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 580 |
) p53; Clone BP53-12 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00109-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 111 |
p53; Clone BP53-12 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00109-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 183 |
p53; Clone BP53-12 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00109-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 449 |
) Insulin; Clone 2D11-H5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00114-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 69 |
Insulin; Clone 2D11-H5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00114-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 95 |
Insulin; Clone 2D11-H5 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00114-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 188 |
; Clone 31A3 (Ready-To-Use)) UchL1 (PGP9.5); Clone 31A3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00120-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 69 |
UchL1 (PGP9.5); Clone 31A3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00120-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 95 |
UchL1 (PGP9.5); Clone 31A3 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00120-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 188 |
) p21WAF1; Clone WA-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00125-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 120 |
p21WAF1; Clone WA-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00125-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 226 |
p21WAF1; Clone WA-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00125-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 580 |
) Secretory Component; Clone SC05 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00127-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 69 |
Secretory Component; Clone SC05 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00127-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 95 |
Secretory Component; Clone SC05 (Ready-To-Use) |
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) Estrogen Receptor; Clone ERa078 (Ready-To-Use) |
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Estrogen Receptor; Clone ERa078 (Ready-To-Use) |
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Estrogen Receptor; Clone ERa078 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00128-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 290 |
) CD45RB; Clone PD7/26 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00130-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 77 |
CD45RB; Clone PD7/26 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00130-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 116 |
CD45RB; Clone PD7/26 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00130-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 248 |
) Cytokeratin 6; Clone EP67 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00140-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 141 |
Cytokeratin 6; Clone EP67 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00140-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 276 |
Cytokeratin 6; Clone EP67 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00140-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 729 |
) Cytokeratin 20; Clone EP23 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00146-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 151 |
Cytokeratin 20; Clone EP23 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00146-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 303 |
Cytokeratin 20; Clone EP23 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00146-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 809 |
) GFAP; Clone ASTRO/789 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00158-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 87 |
GFAP; Clone ASTRO/789 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00158-0007 | ScyTek Laboratories | 7 ml | EUR 143 |
GFAP; Clone ASTRO/789 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00158-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 329 |
) SOX10; Clone SOX10/991 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00161-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 100 |
SOX10; Clone SOX10/991 (Ready-To-Use) |
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SOX10; Clone SOX10/991 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A00161-0025 | ScyTek Laboratories | 25 ml | EUR 428 |
p53; Clone DO-1 (Ready-To-Use) |
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| A20027-0002 | ScyTek Laboratories | 2 ml | EUR 84 |
 Xpert Unstained Protein Marker, Ready-to-Use |
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| P8504-025 | GenDepot | 250ul | EUR 165 |
The underlying mannequin of the genetic determinant of a trait is mostly not recognized with certainty a priori. Hence, in genetic affiliation research, a dominant mannequin could be erroneously modelled as additive, an error investigated beforehand. We explored this query, for candidate gene research, by evaluating the pattern measurement required to compensate for the misspecification and enhance inference on the evaluation stage. Power calculations had been carried out with (1) the true dominant mannequin and (2) the wrong additive mannequin.
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-Cy3 conjugate)
